clemensen reduction reaction, mechanism, example

reaction of aldehyde or ketone with zinc amalgam in presence of mineral acid reduces the carbonyl group to methylene.

the reaction is often carried out in presence of toluene to produce a three phase system in which most of the ketone remain in the upper hydrocarbon layer and the protonated carbonyl compound in the aqueous layer is reduced on the metal surface.

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DCC Reagent(dicyclohexylcarbodiimide)

Toluene 1)Oxidation with kmno4 mechanism 2)Benzoic acid (C6H5cooH)+Socl2 3)Benzoyl chloride (C6H5Cocl) +LiAlH[ (OC (CH3)3]/H+ 4)Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHo)+CH2OHCH2OH/H+

 

a)Ethyl acetoacetate(CH3COCH2COOCH2CH3) reactions with 1)NaoEt 2)CH3CH2Br 3)NaOH/H2o 4)H3o+ b)2Ethyl acetate (2CH3COOEt) reaction with NaOEt/H3o+ c)Diethyl malonate (CH2 (COOEt)2 )reaction with 1)NaoEt 2) CH3CH2Br 3)H3O+

Toluene(Ph CH3) reaxts with1) NBS/hv,2)Pph3,Buli and 3)Acetone